Schools teach skills in exchange for a tution, in the same system as on the Welcome Island. There is at least one school in each region for each Discipline, and often more in the cases of Art and Architecture.
When a new technology is announced, it becomes available for research at each university of a given type egypt-wide. For example, a message in the System channel might read "The scientists at the University of Architecture announce new research : Advanced Automation". The (sadly fictional) tech 'Advanced Automation' would then be available for research (note: not available to learn) in the UArch in each region.
Research comprises of mass donations from the community of resources related to the technology. For example, our fictional skill, 'Advanced Automation' might feasibly require many thousands of units of Iron as part of the requirements.
When all the of nescessary resources have been donated, research begins on the skill, and takes 24 hours to complete. After that 24 hour period, the skill is free to learn for anybody who visits (and meets the level [and any other] pre-requisits).
Note that some techs provide unique results per region, such as Botany, which results in a different flower base strain in each region.
Note also that some techs are not available until pre-requisite techs have been unlocked egypt-wide.