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Overview

The national beverage of Egypt. Beer is brewed in Beer Kettles using various combinations of malt and honey, stored in small barrels, and served at Ceremonial Tasting Tables. Aside from being drunk to increase Beer Tasting skill, beer may be made into ambrosia for festivals, or distilled into spirits using an Alembic.

Individual beers can vary across many characteristics, depending on the ingredients and yeasts used in their brewing:

Beer is stored in small barrels. A barrel of beer is very heavy, with weight 100 and bulk 1. There is no way to empty a full barrel of beer other than by using it (by unkegging it at a tasting table, or by distilling it or making it into ambrosia). Beer is a complex item.

Spoilage: Unlike wine, beer will spoil over time, rendering it unfit for drinking. (Beer will only begin to go bad once it has been kegged; until then, you can leave it in the kettle indefinitely.) The more potent a beer, the longer it will last in the keg. A Very Potent beer will last over a week, a Potent beer seems to last one Teppy day, while a non-potent beer lasts only one Teppy hour. You will not be told whether a beer has gone bad until you attempt to drink it. Beer will also spoil on the tasting table if left out long enough. Although spoiled beer may not be drunk, it may still be used to make ambrosia or distilled spirits.

Quick Links

Beer guilds:

Beer Tasting

Beer may be drunk at a ceremonial tasting table to gain Beer Tasting skill. A single keg of beer provides 21 drinks. The algorithm for how BT increases is not well understood; but as with wine, drinking a variety of beers is the best way to quickly improve skill. It is also possible to gain multiple BT points from a single beer -- in Telling 1, some people reported gaining as many as five points from multiple glasses of a single beer. (Three points is the most that have reached my ears in the current Telling.)

Beer Tasting skill, like Gastronomy and Oenology, ranges from 0 to (thought to be) 256.
At BT of 7 and 49, Perception is permanently increased by 1.

Making Ambrosia with Beer

Two festivals require ambrosia made with beer: the Festival of Osiris and the Festival of Hathor. Ambrosia is prepared at a kitchen using a barrel of beer and either 1 oil (for Osiris) or 1 cobra blood (for Hathor).

The type of beer required by a particular festival will vary; e.g. Very Potent Barley, or Spicy Black Nutmeg. When a flavor is specified, the beer must contain a "hint of" that flavor or better. When a potency is specified, the beer must be of that potency exactly: you cannot use a Very Potent beer if the requirement is for Potent.

Extra flavors and properties in a beer are okay. For instance, a beer that is "Potent Sweet Spicy Brown, Hint of Barley and Nutmeg" will suffice to make ambrosia that needs to be Potent Sweet Nutmeg, or Spicy Brown Barley, etc.

Beer ambrosia does not spoil.

How to make Beer

Beer is made from malted barley and honey brewed in a Beer Kettle. You must have the Beer Brewing skill (available at the Universities of the Human Body (as of this writing: Karnak) to make beer.

It takes 60 wood and 25 water to start a kettle of beer. Once started, the beer making process goes through two phases:

Brewing takes 20 minutes (1200 seconds). Any time during the brewing stage, you may add malt and/or honey. The time you add it makes a big difference in the effects it has.

Fermenting takes 40 minutes (2400 seconds). Any time during the fermenting stage, you may seal the kettle. Sealing the kettle prevents any (more) microbes from entering. While you can get drinkable beers from an unsealed kettle, most of the time you will want to seal the kettle after the yeast microbe has entered, and before bad microbes enter. (See below, How to Find and Isolate Yeast.)

Once the fermenting is done, you may leave the beer in the kettle indefinitely. With an empty small barrel in your inventory, you may Take the beer (kegging it). You are given a display showing the statistics of your beer. If the beer is undrinkable, it will automatically be thrown out, and your barrel is left empty. If it is drinkable, you are given an opportunity to name the barrel (naming the contents), for later use. (Once you use the beer, your barrel is returned.)

We should be grateful to our grandparents, who initially labored for 3 hours to make beer. Today, it takes but 20 minutes of brewing, and 40 of fermenting.

Figuring out what will result in good beer takes three steps:

However, almost nothing seems to have changed from T1, so you can probably just look your yeast up in the old tables and then use the calculator if it's a good yeast.

How to Find and Isolate a Yeast

There are 100 possible microbes, some of which are yeasts and some of which are Lactobacili, Molds, and Acetobacteria. There is no guarantee that all of the yeasts will make drinkable beer, or that we will be able to find a spot where each one is available. Things that aren't yeasts will make beer undrinkable if they are high enough on the microbe list. Thus, it is necessary in many spots, and useful in others, to isolate a yeast before you try to make beer.

Yeast
A desirable microbe which converts sugars to alcohol and flavors.
Mold
An undesirable microbe which converts sugars to mold.
Acetobacterium
An undesirable microbe which converts sugars to acetic acid (vinegar).
Lactobacillus
An undesirable microbe which converts sugars to lactic acid.

No detailed study has been done on molds, acetobacteria, and lactobacteria. These microbes all produce undesirable flavors which will ruin the beer if too strong. It is never desirable to have anything except yeasts in your kettle. In the fermentation phase, your job is to seal your kettle at the proper time to keep out the "bad" microbes and allow only the yeasts.

You isolate a yeast by running a Yeast Test. This option is a shortcut that eliminates the brewing phase, thus taking only 40 minutes to complete. At the end of the test, you take the 'beer' (you need your small barrel!) and get a display of the results. At the bottom is a list of the microbes that are in the kettle, in the order they entered (first to last).

Microbe Map - please report the microbes you find! Microbe List - a list of all microbes seen so far, so we know which yeasts are out there

Microbe Transition Lines

Hellinar - Inspired by Jaby's work on large scale microbe distribution, I've been testing the changes in microbe distribution on small scales. These tests demonstrate that the microbe population shifts as your kettle crosses coordinate lines. The degree of shift is dependent on the degree to which the coordinate is divisible by two. Thus if the coordinate you cross is divisible by 128, most of the upper microbes will change. On the other hand if the coordinate can only be divided by 8, or 4 or 2, the shift in order is likely to be small. This shift occurs very sharply within a small fraction of a coordinate. So avoid placing kettles on such a high power of two coordinate. On the other hand, if you are searching for new microbes, place four kettles on odd numbered coordinates around the point where two lines divisible by 128 cross. This will give you four sets of well shuffled microbes.

See Microbe Distribution Tests for some tests on this, and Microbe Transition Grid, My Microbe Patch for earlier research.

How to Find Out What a Yeast Does, or the Fermentation Phase

Once you have isolated a yeast, if it has not already been analyzed, run a couple of test beers.

Making beer is just like doing a yeast test, except that a brewing period, 1200 Teppy seconds long, is added BEFORE the fermentation period. During brewing you can add honey and the various malts at any time, though it calculates results in 12-second "ticks". Once you've finished brewing, it immediately goes into fermentation, and you should close the lid at a time that will catch the yeast(s) you want but no other microbes.

You should try:

Don't expect these beers to be drinkable! These are just to get the values which will allow you to make good beers.

Yeast table: split format or single table format - these tables show the results for known yeasts - please add any you analyze

You can also use the beer Spreadsheet to predict a recipe for a given yeast without having to do lots of experimenting with real ingredients.

Can anyone speak knowledgably about multiple yeast recipes, averaging, cumulative effects, alcohol and vitamin production? Especially helpful would be a simple list of which attributes are cumulative and which are averaged. Do multiple yeasts share the ingredients equally or do they divide the ingredients based on their individual ceiling and floor values? Trathien

They aren't really cumulative or averaged, they are combined in different ways, but generally you see the largest effect from the first few yeasts in the kettle

Vigorous yeasts (with high alco max or low floor values) can have a big effect even if they enter late. I have one spot where moving a single coordinate determines whether Y-42 appears at the end of the list or not, and it means the difference between alco 866 or 1155. --Amtep

I tested two spots:
1) Y3 Y59 A6 M63 Y24 M87 L61 Y65 A62 Y49 L44 M47 Y67 L52 Y64 Y90 Y2 M71 M55 Y82
2) Y3 Y59 A6 L61 L52 M63 Y24 M71 L44 M47 Y65 Y67 Y90 Y49 M31 L85 Y64 M87 L69 Y91 A22 A62 Y2

1 gave 1421 alc and 20 cinnamon, 2 gave 1250 alc and 379 cinnamon. In 1 nearly all of the effect was done by Y3 but in 2 Y59 was able to act more, perhaps something to do with entry times? -- Beren

The Details of Beer, or the Brewing Phase

The brewing phase lasts for 1200 seconds, or 20 minutes. At any time during this phase, you may add ingredients (honey and malt) to the kettle. The type and amount of these ingredients will determine some of the attributes of your beer. These attributes are further modified by the time at which the ingredient is added.

Note that Banana, Cherry, Date, Orange, Cinnamon, Nutmeg, and Nasty flavors are determined entirely by the yeast being used. They are not created by the ingredients.

Base Ingredient Attributes

Values when added at the start of brewing:

Ingredient Glucose Maltose Color Vitamins Barley Tannin Grassy Honey
Raw Malt 1 5 1 10.58 12 6 12 0
Light Roasted Malt 2 10 1.5 8.33 6 3 1.5 0
Medium Roasted Malt 2 10 3 5.58 6 2 0 0
Dark Roasted Malt 2 10 6 4.17 6 1.5 0 0
Burnt Malt 0 2 12 0 0 0 0 0
Honey 10 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

Values when added at the end of brewing:

Ingredient Glucose Maltose Color Vitamins Barley Tannin Grassy Honey
Raw Malt 1 5 .17 63.5 2 1 2 0
Light Roasted Malt 2 10 .25 50 1 .5 .25 0
Medium Roasted Malt 2 10 .5 33.5 1 .33 0 0
Dark Roasted Malt 2 10 1 25 1 .25 0 0
Burnt Malt 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0
Honey 10 0 0 18.87 0 0 0 1

The brew phase is divided into 100 "ticks", each 12 seconds long. The ingredient formulas are based on the nearest tick. In other words, you will get identical results from adding an ingredient with 1 second remaining as you will from adding with 5 remaining.

My experiments suggest that the first and last ticks are only half as long, since "nearest tick" is taken literally. The first tick is at 1200 and the second at 1188, so 1193 is already nearer the second tick. This makes it pretty hard to get predictable results from beers where everything goes in at the start. -- Amtep

Notice that when ingredients are added right at the start, honey flavor and vitamins will actually be slightly under their base values.

It is essential to have an appropriate amount of sugars, or once the yeast converts some of them to alcohol, you will get undrinkable beer. Glucose is sweeter than maltose, and converted to alcohol first by the yeast. Each yeast will have a maximum amount of alcohol and minimum amount of each sugar at which it stops working; a yeast may not be able to create beer at all, or may be able to create various strengths of beer. If a yeast makes a good flavor but not enough alcohol, it may still be useful in combination with a high-alcohol yeast. A yeast also needs vitamins, which it consumes as it converts sugar, and will stop working if it runs out; each yeast has its own minimum vitamin level.

Generally, a small amount of raw or light malt added at the end is a good way to ensure enough vitamins; a small amount of burnt malt added at the beginning is a good way to add color. To add barley flavor, add medium or dark malt at the beginning. To add honey flavor, add honey at the end. Adding raw malt or lots of light malt at the beginning will almost certainly result in undrinkable grassy beer, so don't!

(a previous version of this guide had beginning and end reversed for several stats...)

The stats still look wrong, especially honey flavor and vitamins. But I don't want to test them myself, I just use the T1 formulas. --Amtep

Flavors

Yeasts also produce various flavors, at various rates; honey and barley are the only flavors can be obtained with any yeast, since they can come from the ingredients, though honey can come from the yeast as well. Enough fruit and honey flavors will result in Fruity beer. Cinnamon and nutmeg flavors can produce Spicy beer, but too much of these flavors can make your beer bitter, so be very careful with your tannin levels when working with cinnamon or nutmeg yeasts. If a yeast produces lots of Nasty or Grassy flavors, it is unusable.

Only the two strongest flavors will be noticable in the beer, and only one if the second is too much weaker than the first, so be careful not to overwhelm any fruit or spice flavors with barley and honey flavor from ingredients. If you have three flavors which are all close in strength, you will get Muddled beer; this *is* drinkable, but will likely not be useful for anything but drinking when more uses become available.

Beer attributes, and the fermentation process

Yeast converts sugar into alcohol on a 1:1 basis. Yeast always converts the glucose first, then the maltose. A yeast will always leave a minimum amount of glucose and maltose unconverted; these amounts are called the "glucose floor" and "maltose floor" and are different for each yeast.

In addition, each yeast has a different "alcohol ceiling" -- a maximum # of sugar which it can convert into alcohol.

Example: Yeast-17 has a glucose floor of 13, maltose floor of 37, and alcohol ceiling of 992. A brewer is using Y-17 to make a beer, using 50 honey and 50 medium malt. Total sugars in the brew: 600 glucose, 500 maltose. During fermentation, Y-17 will first convert 587 glucose into 587 alcohol (leaving 13 glucose). It will then work on the maltose, converting 405 maltose into 405 alcohol (leaving 95 maltose), where it stops because it has now created 992 alcohol.

Finally, a yeast consumes vitamins as it works. If the vitamin level reaches a certain floor (which, again, varies by yeast), the yeast will stop converting sugar into alcohol, no matter how much sugar it has to work with.

To summarize, each yeast has the following attributes:

Glucose floor
The yeast will only convert glucose to alcohol if the glucose remaining is above this level.
Maltose floor
The yeast will only convert maltose to alcohol if the maltose remaining is above this level.
Alcohol ceiling
The yeast will never produce more than this amount of alcohol.
Vitamin consumption
The yeast will consume this many vitamins for each unit of alcohol produced.
Vitamin floor
The yeast will only produce alcohol if the vitamins remaining is above this level.
Flavor production
The yeast will produce roughly a certain amount of each flavor for each unit of alcohol produced.

A sealed kettle which contains a single yeast may be modelled as follows:

  1. If the vitamins remaining is equal to the vitamin floor, stop.
  2. If the alcohol produced is equal to the alcohol ceiling, stop.
  3. If the glucose remaining is greater than the glucose floor, convert one unit of glucose to alcohol (producing flavors at the same time). Go back to step 1.
  4. If the maltose remaining is greater than the maltose floor, convert one unit of maltose to alcohol (producing flavors at the same time). Go back to step 1.
  5. There is not enough sugar left; stop.

In other words, the yeast will produce alcohol until one of three things happens: It runs out of sugars, it runs out of vitamins, or it produces as much alcohol as its alcohol ceiling. Yeasts will always convert glucose in preference to maltose.

New Theory

Gurney has a theory that alcohol is generated in cycles, and that if there aren't enough vitamins for the next cycle (IE '' 'current

vitamins' - 'vitamins this cycle' > 'vitamin floor' '') the cycle stops.

Fermentation could still stop when it hits the sugar floors, so alcohol values between the calculated cycle values are still possible.

Output

You can collect your finished brew anytime after the end of the fermentation phase. You must be carrying a small barrel to do this. When you keg your brew, you will receive data on its attributes -- you will never know for sure how your brew turned out until you try to keg it. If your brew is undrinkable for some reason, it will automatically be thrown out. If your beer was successful, it will be stored in the barrel and you will have the option to name your beer.

When you keg a beer, you will be shown the levels of the various attributes as well as the final flavor. The attributes are:

Alcohol
The higher the alcohol value, the more potent the beer.
Color
The higher the color value, the darker the beer.
Mold
Produced if there was mold among the microbes that worked on your brew. If there is too much mold, you get undrinkable Moldy Beer.
Vitamins
Vitamins remaining; no effect on the taste of the beer.
Glucose
A sugar; the more sugars, the sweeter the beer.
Maltose
A sugar; the more sugars, the sweeter the beer. Not as sweet as glucose.
Lactose
A sugar. Despite being displayed, there is no way to get lactose in a beer.
Citric Acid
Despite being displayed, there is no way to get citric acid in a beer.
Lactic Acid
Produced by lactobacteria, too much will produce undrinkable Sour Beer.
Acetic Acid
Produced by acetobacteria, too much will produce undrinkable Vinegar Beer.
Barley
A flavor produced by malt.
Orange
A fruity flavor produced by yeasts.
Banana
A fruity flavor produced by yeasts. (At one time, a bug used to make it impossible to get banana flavor; this has since been fixed.)
Cherry
A fruity flavor produced by yeasts.
Date
A fruity flavor produced by yeasts.
Honey
A fruity flavor, produced by yeasts or by adding honey.
Nutmeg
A bitter, spicy flavor produced by yeasts.
Cinnamon
A bitter, spicy flavor produced by yeasts.
Tannin
A very bitter flavor produced by malt.
Grassy
An unpleasant flavor, produced by yeasts or by raw or light malt. Too much grassy flavor will produce undrinkable Grassy Beer.
Nasty
An unpleasant flavor produced by yeasts. Too much nasty flavor will produce undrinkable Nasty Beer.

Microorganisms
A list of the microorganisms that entered your brew during the fermentation phase, listed in order of when they entered. You can control the list of microorganisms, to an extent, by choosing when to seal your kettle.

A beer may have the following qualities:
Property name Condition to be met
Very Potent Alcohol >= 1200
Potent Alcohol >= 800
(no name) Alcohol < 800
Dry (Glucose * 2) + Maltose < 150
Sweet (Glucose * 2) + Maltose > 300
(no name) 150 < (Glucose * 2) + Maltose < 300
Black Color > 500
Brown Color > 200
(no name) Color < 200
Fruity Orange + Banana + Cherry + Date + Honey > 500
Spicy Cinnamon + Nutmeg > 300
Bold flavor Flavor > 1000
Noticeable flavor Flavor > 400
Hint of flavor Flavor > 200
(no description) Flavor < 200

Each flavor in the beer (cherry, nutmeg, etc.) may be "bold", "noticeable", or just a "hint". A flavor that is very strong can drown out a weaker flavor; if you have 1000 honey flavor and 200 barley flavor, the barley will not appear. A flavor is drowned out if it is less than a certain percentage of the most powerful flavor in the beer; the exact percentage is unknown.

If three or more flavors can be detected in a beer, it will have "muddled flavor", and none of the flavors will apply. Muddled flavours may also occur for flavour levels that are "too close", even if some or all of them are undetectable individually. A third flavor being 55% of the level of the 2nd highest flavor was enough to make muddled.

My flavor theory is that flavors less than half of the strongest flavor are drowned out, and a beer is muddled if the third flavor is more than half of the strongest. This fits with all of my beer results, but I have not done specific experiments yet. --Amtep

Unsuccessful Brews

Not all brews become drinkable beer. There are many situations which will cause a brew to fail:

Nonalcoholic Soup (undrinkable)
Alcohol < 100
Cloying Beer (undrinkable)
Glucose + (Maltose/2) > Tannin + Cinnamon + Nutmeg + Lactic
Bitter Beer (undrinkable)
(Glucose * 2) + Maltose < Tannin + (Cinnamon + Nutmeg)/5
Caustic Beer (undrinkable)
(Glucose * 6) + (Maltose * 3) < Cinnamon + Nutmeg (very high fruity flavours can also produce Caustic Beer)
Grassy Beer (undrinkable)
Grassy > 100
Moldy Beer (undrinkable)
Mold > 100
Nasty Beer (undrinkable)
Nasty > 100
Sour Beer (undrinkable)
Not well understood, but may be (Lactic + Acetic) > (Glucose + Maltose)
Vinegar Beer (undrinkable)
Acetic > 100 (my first attempt yielded Acetic = 73 and an undrinkable Vinegar Beer: Temm)
Vinegar Soup (undrinkable)
Rare, might be Alcohol < 100 and Acetic > Alcohol

The exact effect of Lactic is still uncertain, but I have had several beers that should have been Cloying, but were drinkable, and had some lactic acid. Simply adding lactic to tannin in that formula fits all my results. -- Amtep


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Last edited January 30, 2006 8:17 pm by Sabt-Pestnu (diff)
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